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            <p>apache调优隐藏版本信息及404重定向</p>
<p><strong> 本节所讲  内容：  </strong>   </p>
<p><strong> 实战：源码编译安装  apache  及调优技巧  </strong></p>
<hr>
<p><strong> 实战环境：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 生产环境中，部署了  apache  之后，我们应该从安全还是性能角度，在  apache  服务上线之前，对其做诸多的优化调试才行。  </strong></p>
<hr>
<p><strong> Apache  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 实验环境：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> apache  版本：  httpd-2.2.31  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 源码包存放位置：  /usr/local/src  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 源码包编译安装位置：  apache  ：  /usr/local/apache2.2-xuegod/  </strong></p>
<hr>
<p><strong> 技巧  1  ：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 安装  apache  屏蔽  apache  版本等敏感信息  </strong></p>
<hr>
<p><strong> 查看  apache  版本信息：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 ~]# curl -I<a href="http://www.baidu.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.baidu.com</a>  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 。。。  </strong></p>
<p><strong> X-Powered-By: HPHP  </strong></p>
<p><strong> Server:  BWS/1.1  </strong></p>
<p><strong> X-UA-Compatible:IE=Edge,chrome=1  </strong></p>
<p><strong> BDPAGETYPE: 1  </strong></p>
<p><strong> BDQID: 0xcfd31d8200026e11  </strong></p>
<p><strong> BDUSERID: 0  </strong></p>
<hr>
<p><strong> 测试自己的网站看是什么版本？有没有相应的漏洞  </strong></p>
<hr>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 ~]# curl -I<a href="http://www.taobao.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.taobao.com</a>  </strong></p>
<p><strong> HTTP/1.1 302 Found  </strong></p>
<p><strong> Server  :Tengine  基于  nginx  做了二次开发  </strong></p>
<p><strong> Date: Tue, 17 Nov 201502:22:06 GMT  </strong></p>
<p><strong> Content-Type: text/html  </strong></p>
<p><strong> Content-Length: 258  </strong></p>
<p><strong> Connection: keep-alive  </strong></p>
<p><strong> Location: <a href="https://www.taobao.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> https://www.taobao.com/ </a> </strong></p>
<p><strong> 彻底让版本等敏感信息消失  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 要彻底将版本之类的信息进行改头换面，需要在编译之前修改源码包下  include/ap_release.h  文件  </strong></p>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 httpd-2.2.25]#pwd  </strong></p>
<p><strong> /usr/local/src  </strong></p>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 src]# rm -rfhttpd-2.2.25  </strong></p>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 src]# tar zxfhttpd-2.2.25.tar.gz  </strong></p>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 src]# cdhttpd-2.2.25  </strong></p>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 httpd-2.2.25]#vim include/ap_release.h  #  修改源码中的版本信息为自己公司的相关信息，隐藏真实版本信息  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 改：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 42 #define AP_SERVER_BASEVENDOR”Apache Software Foundation”  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 43 #define AP_SERVER_BASEPROJECT “ApacheHTTP Server”  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 44 #define AP_SERVER_BASEPRODUCT”Apache”  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 45  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 46 #define AP_SERVER_MAJORVERSION_NUMBER 2  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 47 #define AP_SERVER_MINORVERSION_NUMBER 2  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 48 #define AP_SERVER_PATCHLEVEL_NUMBER   25  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 49 #define AP_SERVER_DEVBUILD_BOOLEAN    0  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 为：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> #defineAP_SERVER_BASEVENDOR “xuegod”  </strong></p>
<p><strong> #defineAP_SERVER_BASEPROJECT “  </strong> <strong> web server”  </strong></p>
<p><strong> #defineAP_SERVER_BASEPRODUCT “  </strong> <strong> xuegod web server”  </strong></p>
<hr>
<p><strong> #defineAP_SERVER_MAJORVERSION_NUMBER 8  </strong></p>
<p><strong> #defineAP_SERVER_MINORVERSION_NUMBER 1  </strong></p>
<p><strong> #defineAP_SERVER_PATCHLEVEL_NUMBER   2  </strong></p>
<p><strong> #defineAP_SERVER_DEVBUILD_BOOLEAN    3  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 注释：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> #define AP_SERVER_BASEVENDOR”Apache Software Foundation” #  服务的供应商名称  </strong></p>
<p><strong> #define AP_SERVER_BASEPROJECT”Apache HTTP Server”  #  服务的项目名称  </strong></p>
<p><strong> #define AP_SERVER_BASEPRODUCT”Apache”        #  服务的产品名  </strong></p>
<p><strong> #define AP_SERVER_MAJORVERSION_NUMBER2  #  主要版本号  </strong></p>
<p><strong> #defineAP_SERVER_MINORVERSION_NUMBER 4  #  小版本号  </strong></p>
<p><strong> #defineAP_SERVER_PATCHLEVEL_NUMBER  6  #  补丁级别  </strong></p>
<p><strong> #defineAP_SERVER_DEVBUILD_BOOLEAN  0  #  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 注：上述列出的行，大家可以修改成自己想要的，然后编译安装之后，再对  httpd-default.conf  文件进行修改，对方就彻底不知道你的版本号了。  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 源码编译安装  apache  </strong></p>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 httpd-2.2.11]# yum installopenssl*  </strong></p>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 httpd-2.2.25]#./configure –prefix=/usr/local/apache2.2-xuegod –enable-so –enable-rewrite–enable-ssl   –enable-deflate  –enable-expires  #  检查安装环境并生成  Makefile  文件  </strong></p>
<hr>
<p><strong> 配置参数用途：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> --prefix=/usr/local/apache2.2   #  指定安装路径  </strong></p>
<p><strong> --enable-so  #  支持动态加载模  块  </strong></p>
<p><strong> --enable-rewrite #  支持网站地址重写  </strong></p>
<p><strong> --enable-ssl #  支持  ssl  加密  </strong></p>
<p><strong> --enable-deflate #  支持页面传输前进行压缩  </strong></p>
<p><strong> --enable-expires #  支持设置网页缓存的时间  </strong></p>
<hr>
<p><strong> 编译安装：  make&amp;&amp; make install  </strong></p>
<hr>
<p><strong> 查看安装后目录：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 httpd-2.2.25]# ls/usr/local/apache2.2-xuegod/conf/httpd.conf  </strong></p>
<p><strong> /usr/local/apache2.2-xuegod/conf/httpd.conf  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 存放网站的根目录：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 httpd-2.2.25]#ls /usr/local/apache2.2-xuegod/htdocs/  </strong></p>
<p><strong> index.html  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 修改默认首页内容：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 httpd-2.2.25]# echo apache-xuegod&gt;&gt; /usr/local/apache2.2-xuegod/htdocs/index.html  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 启动  apache  ：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 配置  apache  可以开机启动并且可以使用  service  命令启动  apache  服务器  </strong></p>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 httpd-2.2.25]#cp /usr/local/apache2.2-xuegod/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/apachectl-xuegod  </strong></p>
<hr>
<p><strong> 启动  apache  ：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> [<a href="mailto:root@xuegod63httpd-2.2.25" target="_blank" rel="noopener">root@xuegod63httpd-2.2.25</a>]# /etc/init.d/apachectl-xuegod start  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 测试：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 测试：隐藏  apache  版本信息  </strong></p>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 ~]# curl -I192.168.1.63   #  看不到  apache  版本相关内容了  </strong></p>
<p><strong> HTTP/1.1 200 OK  </strong></p>
<p><strong> Date: Sat, 29 Aug 201509:43:44 GMT  </strong></p>
<p><strong> Server:  xuegod web server/8.1.2-dev (Unix) mod_ssl/8.1.2-devOpenSSL/1.0.0-fips  </strong></p>
<p><strong> Last-Modified: Sat, 29 Aug2015 09:37:36 GMT  </strong></p>
<p><strong> ETag: “6d086-3a-51e6ff35dba19”  </strong></p>
<p><strong> Accept-Ranges: bytes  </strong></p>
<p><strong> Content-Length: 58  </strong></p>
<p><strong> Content-Type: text/html  </strong></p>
<hr>
<p><strong> 再次隐藏版本号和系统类型  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 接下来再次修改：  </strong></p>
<hr>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 ~]#  vim/usr/local/apache2.2-xuegod/conf/httpd.conf  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 405 #Includeconf/extra/httpd-default.conf  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 为：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> Includeconf/extra/httpd-default.conf  </strong></p>
<hr>
<p><strong> 2  ）打开  httpd-default.conf  文件，修改如下两个地方  </strong></p>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 ~]#  vim/usr/local/apache2.2-xuegod/conf/extra/httpd-default.conf  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 改：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 55 ServerTokens Full  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 65 ServerSignature On    signature  签名  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 为：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> ServerTokens Prod   #  不显示服务器操作系统类型  </strong></p>
<p><strong> ServerSignature Off   #  不显示  web  服务器版本号  </strong></p>
<hr>
<p><strong> 让  apache  配置文件生效的方法：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 方法  1  ：重启服务：  restart  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 方法  2  ：不重启服务，重新加载配置文件  </strong></p>
<p><strong> reload  是  nginx  </strong></p>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 ~]#/etc/init.d/apachectl-xuegod graceful  优雅的  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 测试：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 ~]# curl -I192.168.1.63  </strong></p>
<p><strong> HTTP/1.1 200 OK  </strong></p>
<p><strong> Date: Thu, 14 Jan 201602:31:24 GMT  </strong></p>
<p><strong> Server:  xuegod web server  </strong></p>
<hr>
<p><strong> 总结：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 1，  安装之前改  include/ap_release.h  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 2，  Httpd.conf    extra/httpd-default.conf  去掉注释  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 3，  修改  extra/httpd-default.conf  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 55 ServerTokens Full  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 65 ServerSignature On    signature  签名  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 为：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> ServerTokens Prod   #  不显示服务器操作系统类型  </strong></p>
<p><strong> ServerSignature Off   #  不显示  web  服务器版本号  </strong></p>
<hr>
<p><strong> 2  、错误页面优雅显示  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 为了提升网站的用户体验，避免  404  ，  403  之类的丑陋的默认错误提示出现。  </strong></p>
<p><strong> <a href="http://192.18.1.63/a.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> http://192.18.1.63/a.html </a> </strong></p>
<p><strong> 方法一：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 ~]# vim/usr/local/apache2.2-xuegod/conf/httpd.conf  #  在根目录的标签中添加以下红色标记内容。  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 132 <directory" usr="" local="" apache2.2-xuegod="" htdocs"=""> </directory"></strong></p>
<p><strong> 。。。  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 在大约  159  行，插入：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> ErrorDocument 404 /404.html  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 160  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 注：  #  将  404  错误跳转到  /usr/local/apache2.2-xuegod/htdocs  下的  404.html  页面上  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 注：  ErrorDocument  的命令格式如下：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> ErrorDocument  错误代码 跳转到的页面链接或文件  </strong></p>
<hr>
<p><strong> 创建  404  测试页：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 ~]# echo”404 go to home” &gt; /usr/local/apache2.2-xuegod/htdocs/404.html  </strong></p>
<hr>
<p><strong> 重启：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 ~]# /etc/init.d/apachectl-xuegodrestart  </strong></p>
<hr>
<hr>
<p><strong> 方法  2  ： 出错后，跳转到一个链接  </strong></p>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 ~]# vim/usr/local/apache2.2-xuegod/conf/httpd.conf  #  在根目录的标签中添加以下红色标记内容。  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 132 <directory" usr="" local="" apache2.2-xuegod="" htdocs"=""> </directory"></strong></p>
<p><strong> 。。。  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 在大约  159  行，插入：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> ErrorDocument 404 <a href="http://www.baidu.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> http://www.baidu.com </a> </strong></p>
<p><strong> 160  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 注：  #  将  404  错误跳转到  <a href="http://www.baidu.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> http://www.baidu.com </a> </strong></p>
<hr>
<p><strong> 重启：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> [root@xuegod63 ~]#/etc/init.d/apachectl-xuegod restart  </strong></p>
<hr>
<hr>
<p><strong> 总结：  ErrorDocument  的命令格式如下：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> ErrorDocument  错误代码 跳转到的页面或文件  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 另外这里需要注意，你若设置跳转到文件，必须要有这个文件才行。另外文件必须在站点目录内，不然会报错。  </strong></p>
<hr>
<p><strong> 终极总结：  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 1、  隐藏  web  服务的版本信息  </strong></p>
<p><strong> 2、  出现  404  错误，给它一个友好的提示  </strong></p>

        
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